Sound Advice A Basis For Listening Second Edition Pdf
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Such crest-factor values are comparable to what can be found on tracks from Kanye West's My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, or 50 Cent's Get Rich Or Die Tryin'. Those are stylistically loud urban music albums with really strong percussive elements that articulate the writing, and are better suited to low crest-factor values than Metallica's constantly buzzing guitars. They are also comparable to tracks from MGMT's Oracular Spectacular or Congratulations, two albums with a sound so distinctive that a constant use of the second loudness paradigm and/or dynamic compression artifacts is not a problem at all. But Metallica's 'classic' sound simply doesn't easily allow for sonic extravaganza.
The analysis window length is three seconds, sampled every second. It means that this measure concerns dynamic phenomena more than three seconds in length. Thus, at one extreme, it will not take into consideration percussive sounds. At the other, loudness variations due to structural changes may not be clearly visible: they can be masked by variations happening at smaller scales. It's a compromise that was chosen by the EBU.
Let's focus on Pornography, originally released in 1982. The waveform capture on the same image compares the waveform corresponding to the original and remastered editions of the entire album. Obviously, the 2005 remaster relies heavily on digital lookahead brickwall limiters. Is that good or bad I personally enjoy listening to both editions. From a more objective point of view, let's focus on the highlighted part of the waveform, which corresponds to the end of 'A Strange Day'. On the original edition, just before the short pause, we can see a slight decrescendo, followed by a short crescendo. Readers who know the song will agree that these loudness variations are very relevant to the actual musical content (song climax and then pause). In the original edition, those loudness variations use the first loudness paradigm as described in the main text. Now, look at same part on the waveform corresponding to the remastered edition. The loudness variations are now of a very different nature, and that may not be such good idea. In my opinion, this may be the main danger of remastering albums from before the digital era: if one is not cautious, it raises the density of very high-level samples, reduces the crest factor, and turns the first loudness paradigm into the second.
When listening to someone talk about a problem, refrain from suggesting solutions. Most of us don't want your advice anyway. If we do, we'll ask for it. Most of us prefer to figure out our own solutions. We need you to listen and help us do that. Somewhere way down the line, if you are absolutely bursting with a brilliant solution, at least get the speaker's permission. Ask, \"Would you like to hear my ideas\"
The speed at which sound travels, c, is determined primarily by the density and the compressibility of the medium through which it is traveling. The speed of sound is typically measured in meters per second or feet per second.
In addition to the 8-hour TWAs, OSHA's noise standards list a short-term level of 115 dBA for a 15-minute period, which is not to be exceeded; this is for steady state sounds measured on the slow response setting. Although sound this loud is unusual, some dosimeter models indicate when the maximum allowable sound level of 115 dBA has been exceeded. This signal should not be used for compliance determination, however, because it might not take the duration of the exposure to this noise level into consideration. But noise that exceeds 115 dBA should be incorporated into the overall TWA noise exposure determination (see Section II.J.2- OSHA Noise Standards for more information). The standard for short-term noise levels is distinct from OSHA's instantaneous ceiling limit of 140 dBA for impact noises (occurring less frequently than one per second and typically measured using a sound level meter set to the fast response setting.)
Bruce, R.D., A.S. Bommer, and C.T. Moritz. 2003. Noise, Vibration, and Ultrasound. In The Occupational Environment: Its Evaluation, Control, and Management. 2nd edition. Fairfax, VA: American Industrial Hygiene Association, pp. 435-475.
Response: Instruments that measure time-varying signals are limited in how fast they can respond to changes in the input signal. Sound dosimeters can operate with a wide variety of response times, but the industry has chosen two particular response times to standardize measurements. These are known as the slow and fast response times. OSHA, the Mine Safety and Health Administration, and ACGIH all require the slow response for sound dosimetry. The standardized time constant for the slow response is 1 second.
Dual hearing protection involves wearing two forms of hearing protection simultaneously (e.g. earplugs and ear muffs). The noise exposure for workers wearing dual protection may be estimated by the following method: Determine the hearing protector with the higher rated NRR (NRRh) and subtract 7 dB if using A-weighted sound level data. Add 5 dB to this field-adjusted NRR to account for the use of the second hearing protector. Subtract the remainder from the TWA. It is important to note that using such double protection will add only 5 dB of attenuation. For a more extensive discussion of how to use the NRR, see the NIOSH website. NIOSH has developed guidelines for calculating and using the NRR in various circumstances (Hearing Protector Devices ). Also see 29 CFR 1910.95 Appendix B.
A second engineering option is to enclose the existing planer with a plywood shop-built structure lined with sound-absorbing fiberglass (this design has no production penalty and a life expectancy of 10 years). Three workers will work together for 10 hours to install the enclosure, for a total of 30 hours. This option reduces the workers' exposure to a similar extent as would modifying the planer as described above. From Table H.1-2, we select the lower cost of $4,000, as the enclosure can be fabricated in-plant. Table H.1-2 also indicates that the enclosure will have a 5% maintenance cost. Table H.1-2 indicates that the labor rate is $27 per hour, so the total cost will be the cost of control + maintenance at 5% over 10 years + installation labor, thus:
Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you and good evening. The sponsor has been identified, but unlike most television programs, the performer hasn't been provided with a script. As a matter of fact, I have been permitted to choose my own words and discuss my own ideas regarding the choice that we face in the next few weeks.I have spent most of my life as a Democrat. I recently have seen fit to follow another course. I believe that the issues confronting us cross party lines. Now, one side in this campaign has been telling us that the issues of this election are the maintenance of peace and prosperity. The line has been used, \"We've never had it so good.\"But I have an uncomfortable feeling that this prosperity isn't something on which we can base our hopes for the future. No nation in history has ever survived a tax burden that reached a third of its national income. Today, 37 cents out of every dollar earned in this country is the tax collector's share, and yet our government continues to spend 17 million dollars a day more than the government takes in. We haven't balanced our budget 28 out of the last 34 years. We've raised our debt limit three times in the last twelve months, and now our national debt is one and a half times bigger than all the combined debts of all the nations of the world. We have 15 billion dollars in gold in our treasury; we don't own an ounce. Foreign dollar claims are 27.3 billion dollars. And we've just had announced that the dollar of 1939 will now purchase 45 cents in its total value.As for the peace that we would preserve, I wonder who among us would like to approach the wife or mother whose husband or son has died in South Vietnam and ask them if they think this is a peace that should be maintained indefinitely. Do they mean peace, or do they mean we just want to be left in peace There can be no real peace while one American is dying some place in the world for the rest of us. We're at war with the most dangerous enemy that has ever faced mankind in his long climb from the swamp to the stars, and it's been said if we lose that war, and in so doing lose this way of freedom of ours, history will record with the greatest astonishment that those who had the most to lose did the least to prevent its happening. Well I think it's time we ask ourselves if we still know the freedoms that were intended for us by the Founding Fathers.Not too long ago, two friends of mine were talking to a Cuban refugee, a businessman who had escaped from Castro, and in the midst of his story one of my friends turned to the other and said, \"We don't know how lucky we are.\" And the Cuban stopped and said, \"How lucky you are I had someplace to escape to.\" And in that sentence he told us the entire story. If we lose freedom here, there's no place to escape to. This is the last stand on earth.And this idea that government is beholden to the people, that it has no other source of power except the sovereign people, is still the newest and the most unique idea in all the long history of man's relation to man.This is the issue of this election: Whether we believe in our capacity for self-government or whether we abandon the American revolution and confess that a little intellectual elite in a far-distant capitol can plan our lives for us better than we can plan them ourselves.You and I are told increasingly we have to choose between a left or right. Well I'd like to suggest there is no such thing as a left or right. There's only an up or down - [up] man's old-aged dream, the ultimate in individual freedom consistent with law and order, or down to the ant heap of totalitarianism. And regardless of their sincerity, their humanitarian